Essay on Government Form and Public SpendingEssay Writing Service

Paper on Government Form and Public SpendingEssay Writing Service Paper on Government Form and Public Spending Paper on Government Form and Public SpendingToday, the US has two predominant types of government, city hall leader gathering and chamber chief. Despite the fact that there is another type of government, commission, however this structure isn't well known any longer and endure just in about 1% of the US urban communities, while the greater part of the US urban areas have either gathering chief or city hall leader committee type of government, which are similarly spread all through the US (Forms of Municipal Government 2). Along these lines, the adequacy of either type of government can uncover which type of government is more prospective.At first look, the developing portion of chamber chief type of government suggests that this type of government is progressively compelling. Be that as it may, in monetary terms, the chairman board type of government is progressively compelling in light of the fact that it is more cost-effective contrasted with chamber supervisor (Coate 3).â Howeve r, the hypothetical defense of the higher proficiency of the chairman committee type of government doesn't reflect the open demeanor to the regional government in the US. The portion of board supervisor regional authorities has expanded from 48% in 1996 to 55% in 2006 (Forms of Municipal Government 2). In this manner, the financial proficiency of the civic chairman board type of government isn't the determinant factor for people in general to characterize the general adequacy of the administration. Subsequently, alongside the financial effectiveness, there is the open efficiency.â in such manner, the chamber supervisor type of government is progressively proficient regarding social and political execution, for example, portrayal of assorted social groups.Thus, the chairman committee and gathering administrator type of government in the US urban communities are similarly well known. In such manner, the civic chairman gathering type of government is increasingly productive in moneta ry terms, while the committee administrator structure is progressively proficient in social and political terms. This is the reason these are the two most famous types of government.

Marketing Mix Finagle a Bagel Essay Example

Showcasing Mix Finagle a Bagel Essay Example Showcasing Mix Finagle a Bagel Paper Showcasing Mix Finagle a Bagel Paper Items Variable: Finagle a Bagel doesn't just sell plain Bagels however they likewise have 14 assortments of hawk sandwiches, and plates of mixed greens that are totally connected to their center idea. The fixings used to make these menus are common synthetic free fixings. Finagle a Bagel takes a stab at uniqueness; they study their objective market and decide through casual overview and rivalry look into what their client need. Not at all like other contender the firm doesn't put stock in replicating or Implementing what Is popular, the firm has confidence In Innovative yet engaging Ideas. A blend of Good, Service. ND Ideas are the components used to guarantee that the firm presents new items that are one of a kind as well as effective. Items are arranged new and dependent on every client inclination. Estimating Variable: Finagle a Bagel has an arrangement that expresses that paying little mind to the cost they would not bargain the nature of their items. They keep up a similar expen se for their item paying little heed to the store areas since they comprehend that clients need to be dealt with reasonably despite where they live. The firm examinations the most ideal fixings, the expense of the equivalent before they use them for their plans. Rivalry value investigation Is additionally a deciding element for the Finagle a Bagel. Client reviews otherwise known as spot before propelling another item to decide the normal value that clients are eager to pay for the equivalent. A continuous Finagler Card Is another component that the firm has Implemented with progress. Cardholders get one point for each dollar spent at the store. The focuses can be recovered for espresso, juice, sandwiches, or twelve of bagels. Conveyance Variable: Finagle a Bagel has 17 retail locations in the metro and rural regions of Boston. City stores are about speed while keeping up very good quality client relations. Rural stores are increasingly about assistance and are more clients situated. At present the association has 1 wholesales dissemination store. The firm has an uncommon relationship with Shaw Supermarkets which Is connected to 200 different stores. This factor makes Handle mainstream tout 350 decent clients for each year. Handle Adages are In supermarket coolers and in the shop region. They likewise have every day new bagel merchants and retailing accomplices. The most great strategy for conveyance that the firm has is Bagels via Mail. Clients can put arranges on the organizations site. The previously mentioned exhibits that more than retail locations the organization has solid promise to making their items accessible at advantageous area for their clients. Having the item accessibility in the ideal amount to the same number of target showcase clients is the most significant factor of the dissemination variable. Advancement Variable: Finagle a Bagel has advancement and promotion techniques with the plan to drive in new clients and increment the consciousness of the firm in the market. These battles are forceful yet they are unconstrained. The expectation of the promoting office is that the first run through shoppers have a critical encounter. 2. Distinguish which powers from the promoting condition sway Finagle a Bagel. The powers that sway any business are contenders, new participants, substitutes, providers, and clients. The financial powers may danger the methodologies that the firm has actualized. The downturn has influenced the extra cash and the optional salary that people have after the uses. The eagerness to spend is influenced by the monetary states of the customer. In any case, Finagle a Bagel is the main bagel supplier in the zone due to a big motivator for they. Purchasers remain behind the brand paying little heed to the prudent powers that are influenced. 3. Portray how the six powers in the showcasing condition sway the way Finagle A Bagel works. As all organizations Finagle a Bagel showcasing unit needs to depend in ecological examining to have the option to adapt to the natural powers. Ecological checking is the procedure that incorporates looking out data that is inaccessible to the vast majority and sifting through what is significant and what isn't. For the most part coming up next are factors that influence nature powers and assist chiefs with creating serious knowledge. What are the contenders? What are the hindrances in the business? What are the substitutes that exist for their items? What is their degree of reliance on the providers? How needy is the firm on incredible clients? Serious Forces: Competitive powers allude to the quantity of contenders that a firm has in the market. Finagle a Bagel not just contends with those organizations that make bagels, yet in addition with the ones that make servings of mixed greens and sandwiches. The firm has a training that causes them decide how clients respond to in vogue and hot practices that different business embrace by leading casual reviews. They like the way that they are viewed as trailblazers rather than supporters. To keep up their upper hand Finagle utilizes new items, perfect and welcoming eateries, just as serious and client situated staff. They ensure that their items are a sound choice for the purchaser. So as to guarantee that they are bowing to the uniqueness that they take a stab at commonly they hold on to assemble the right fixings to have the option to finish one of their developments. Financial Forces: Economic powers impact both the organization and the clients choice to purchase. Penn. As of now we are confronting downturn times where the Discretionary pay is lower and the purchasing power is influenced contrarily. Finagle a Bagel has a strategy that regardless of where their cafés are found clients must have the option to pay the equivalent. They are focused on not letting the expense of items influence the quality that they represent. Political Forces: Political, legitimate and administrative powers are interrelated. Establishments of Marketing) Elected designated government authorities are the ones dependable ordinarily for ordering enactments and legitimate dynamic. Essentially their perspectives are an impression of their political perspective. Advertising choices and techniques are influenced by the political powers. Commonly organizations want to look for lawful guidance which will in general be exorbitant. This is the fundamental explanation that advert isers discover important participating in direct exchanges with legislative staff or through firms that are recruited to fill in as an immediate delegate of the organization, for instance advisor or lobbyist. This activity assists with lessening administration and favor the organization with specific places that these may have. It is muddled to me if Finagle a Bagel is a responsive a proactive firm Legal and Regulatory Forces: These are the political, lawful, and administrative powers of the showcasing condition and they are characteristically between related. Administrative powers like for instance The Public Health and Safety Department which enables eatery proprietors to adhere to gauges that will ensure spotless and safe food and environs for its shoppers. The Public Health Commission guarantees that guidelines are met and those in infringement are authorized.

Caste System Free Essays

A Day in Life: Case framework Narrative My feet, consuming the towns while the higher position individuals Just gaze at us, as though we are creatures that have no home. My child is shouting as he is debilitated from the contaminated water we need to drink from. The higher station individuals drink from clean new wells and chuckle at us as we drink from the nearby lake loaded up with creature excrement. We will compose a custom article test on Position System or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now There isn’t much trust in our sort of individuals, however for us it’s about horrible odds. My kin help each other in the midst of hardship, a similar rank helps the individuals inside f it, however mentioning help from another station is getting an ensured no. The various stations live like they are not quite the same as one another as though we are both two unique creatures with the exception of we resemble a subterranean insect and the Brahmin resemble a tiger. We have various employments, lifestyles, and qualities. I wake up worn out and depleted and send my child to his activity which is cleaning the town standing, he knows it’s unsanitary yet he realizes we need each penny we can get. I have two Jobs; one is being a hireling for a higher standing family, and cleaning high caste’s houses. I labor for 18 hours every day and get beneath the lowest pay permitted by law for my Jobs. There is no way around it; we untouchables don’t have any force and scarcely any in the event that we do have any. We Just need to acknowledge that we are not invited. Huge numbers of us attempted to revolt and take what we merit and a few of us, similar to I Just acknowledge we are dealt with so ineffectively. The protestors don’t get much of anywhere, we may get a couple of right picked up however nothing to major. A great many people are intending to revolt, yet I’m a quitter and I would prefer not to be downsized in the following life. I accept ow we are dealt with is inadequately, yet anyway I think we merit considerably more regard than what we have now. We will consistently be the untouchables, and there is no way around it. Be that as it may, being dealt with this inadequately isn't human. The untouchables are treated with slight like we affront their perspectives. I put stock in resurrection and how we untouchables came to live with a low notoriety, so for the present I want to carry on with my life and follow the Mandate of Heaven to return with an a lot higher status. Every last one of us are placed into the spot we have now as a result of our past activities, and I acknowledge cap before my life as a distant I have done some terrible things that brought me into this discouraging life, yet it’s the manner in which the round of life works. Life as an unapproachable is the most exceedingly terrible it ever misunderstands, it’s to hurt individuals in such a way and this will make those upper standing individuals who cause us to endure untouchables, and afterward they can encounter what we need to experience. I for one accept the Caste framework is reasonable, and that everybody will in the long run experience a time of hardship. Life isn’t simple, and everybody will in the long run get that. Rank System By rmarhaba The most effective method to refer to Caste System, Papers

Letter of recommendation best websites for college research

Welcome back! If you are keeping up with my series on finding your perfect college fit, you’ll remember that my last post covered my favorite podcasts on this topic. If you are just now tuning in, I highly recommend that you check out the previous post, especially if you are app savvy. The podcasts I mentioned are great for the whole family to listen to, so don’t shy away from listening together! While yes, you will be the one to flit off to college to begin adulting, don’t feel as if you must isolate yourself in the college search and application process. Your counselor, your parents, and yes, maybe even your siblings, can each give you a point of view to consider because they all know you in unique ways. Make this search a group effort (with you at the helm of course) to avoid the overwhelm. Up next in the series is an exploration into my favorite online sites for college searches. You may have heard of some, if not all, of these resources, but as always, I’ll give my thoughts on each site, including opinionated pros and cons. What is the big difference between these online sites and the podcasts I mentioned last week? Well, for one, they tend to be a bit more interactive by allowing you access to diversified student reviews and/or by gathering a bit of information from you that they can use to generate a broad college list for you. In any case, add these resources to your search process; don’t just use them instead of the podcasts or other resources. Trust me, you’ll want all the tools you can get your hands on in order to help you make the most informed college decision tailored to all of your needs and wants. Ready? Let’s take a look! Big Future via the College Board If you’ve prepped for, taken, or simply registered for the SAT (or an AP) test, you have definitely come across the College Board website. The organization that administers the SAT, the PSAT, and the AP tests, the College Board is a massive hub for standardized test information. However, did you know that the College Board website has a specific interactive subsection available to aid in your college search? It does, and it’s awesome. Enter Big Future. Big Future is a planning site that allows you to search for colleges by major, location, school type, or simply by school name and then to see an in-depth assessment of the colleges that result from your search. The assessments share details about everything from admission rates, financial aid programs, test requirements, popular majors, facilities unique to the school, to (gasp!) factors that the school considers during admission. Whether you need to add more schools to your list or to compare your colleges of interest in a side-by-side assessment, this tool is extremely helpful and comprehensive. Special bonus(es): The statistics that the search tool offers on things like financial aid, graduation rate, and breakdown of graduates per major are up-to-date, transparent, and thorough. For instance, if you or your parents are curious about cost (as many families are), you can compare not just the â€Å"sticker price† of the school, but also the average first year financial aid package compared to both in-state and out-of-state fees. Minor drawback: Student reviews of the on-campus experience for each college are not available. Also, while the database may pull up the website for an international school, it only provides in-depth analysis for US schools. Unigo Unigo is where college search takes on the voice of the student. Not only will the search database give you a list of college suggestions based on a personalized profile you fill out, but it will also link you with other former or existing students through the review section! If you are looking for a way to talk to someone who has experience with the school outside of the university employees in the admissions office, this is a great resource! For each college in the database, Unigo offers easy-to-find and organized reviews in response to identical survey questions that the website poses to each reviewer. Also, there are polls available on topics you won’t necessary find in a college’s brochure, such as political activism, alcohol use, arts culture, and intellectual life. Special bonus(es): Unigo is also a great place to look for scholarships to fund your college experience! It has an extensive directory of scholarship applications to help you pay for each year of college. Minor drawback: The college search options are limited to US schools. CollegeTimes Looking for even more reviews? CollegeTimes has a database of uncensored reviews for the largest collection of institutions anywhere on the web, from Boise to Bangladesh! Current college attendees or alumni can go on this website to truly report the nitty gritty of their experience, without any filter or policing. You will get different reviews both in content and in tone on this particular site, so be sure to use it in tandem with Unigo. CollegeTimes also offers a college search tool with a few specialized areas, like funding types (non-profit for-profit) and sect/religion. And, once you click on a school to research, you’ll get ratings from on-campus to off-campus things, such as the safety and quality of the area around campus and even networking opportunities! Special bonus(es): While the site doesn’t curate student reviews, it has a rigid system for finding and removing inauthentic reviews, so you will definitely see reports from real students or alumni, not scammers. Also, just to reiterate, this database covers international schools! Minor drawback: This is a bit obvious, but because the reviews are un-censored, you might come across some questionable language or content. You may want to have a parents scroll through the reviews with you or even look through the reviews first based on the sensibilities of your specific family. College Navigator Similar to the Big Future section on the College Board website, College Navigator is a college information database specifically updated by the U.S. government’s National Center for Education Statistics. To avoid redundancy, I won’t go over the things that both Big Future and College Navigator report on. Instead, I will focus on what makes College Navigator unique: in-depth financial reporting. To start off, this site takes a special look at estimated cost of living per semester. â€Å"Cost of living† is what I call the extra cost of each semester outside of the tuition price tag. You’re going to need books, right? What about other supplies to get through the semester? Those elements are important when it comes to calculating the entire cost of your college experience. Furthermore, this website goes much more into detail about financial aid packages per income bracket. Many families appreciate that for each college, there is a â€Å"net price† tab that shows the approximate price a family paid per semester for multiple years based on their annual reported income. If there is anything your parents will be extremely interested in knowing, it is this specific fact! Special bonuses: There are a few aspects of college life reported on College Navigator that are not on Big Future, such as the presence of campus security, tuition policies for veterans and service members, and campus-wide accreditation history. Minor drawback: Again, you won’t find any student college reviews or international school reviews here. ——————————————————————————————————————— I truly hope these online resources will help you in creating your college list. Look out for my final post in this series coming soon! I’ll be covering my favorite book resources that will complete your college search tool arsenal. Need help with your college applications? Fret not. We have a full team of Harvard, Columbia, and MIT grads who can help you prepare for college. ; Learn more about the college application process below: Cracking the College Admissions Process, Part I: The Search and the Setup What should I write about? 3 rules to follow when coming up with a college essay topic College Admissions: How to Select and Contact your Recommenders

Examples of Chemical Suspensions

In chemistry, a suspension is a mixture in which the solute particles—whether liquid or solid—do not dissolve. Most of the suspensions you encounter in everyday life consist of solid particles in liquids, but suspensions can also form from two liquids or even from a solid or liquid in a gas. One way to identify a suspension is by noting that the components typically separate over time. Mixing or shaking needs to occur to form a suspension. Given time, suspensions usually separate on their own. Mercury Shaken in Oil Mercury is a metallic element that is liquid at standard temperature and pressure. Because of its liquid properties, the element can be mixed with oil to produce a suspension. The mercury particles will disperse throughout the oil when the solution is shaken, but the particles will never dissolve. If left to sit, the two liquids will eventually separate. Oil Shaken in Water Water molecules, because of their polarity, are highly attracted to each other. They exhibit a stickiness that can be seen by slowly moving two water droplets toward each other. Oil molecules, on the other hand, are nonpolar, or hydrophobic, which prevents them from joining together with water molecules. Oil shaken in water will produce a suspension as the oil particles are momentarily scattered. Left undisturbed, however, the two elements will separate from each other. Dust in Air Dust in the air is an example of a solid-gas suspension. Dust—tiny particles that include pollen, hair, dead skin cells, and other materials—is lifted by wind and ventilation systems and scattered throughout the air, producing a suspension. Because particles of dust are solid, however, they will eventually return to earth and form a fine layer of sediment on the solid surfaces below. Soot in Air Soot, which takes the form of black smoke, is made up of carbon particles released through the combustion of coal and other carbon-rich energy sources. When it is first released, soot forms a solid-gas suspension in the air. This can be seen in fireplaces, power plants, and vehicles. Like dust in the air, soot eventually settles, blackening chimneys and other surfaces.

Essay about Heritage Assessment - 1623 Words

There are various cultures in the world. Cultural diversity has brought cross cultural interactions beyond geographical boundaries. Every culture has values and beliefs which reflects cultural and social influences, relationships, and personal needs in an individual. Health cultural values â€Å"shape human behaviors and determine what individuals will do to maintain their health status, how they will care for themselves, and others who become ill, and where and from whom they will seek health care† (Edelman Mandle, 2010). Transcultural nursing is a practice to transform health care and help people of diverse cultures. An analysis of Leningers vision for the work of transcultural nursing indicates that there are many barriers and†¦show more content†¦It is important for the health care professionals to understand the importance of values and beliefs of the people that come for health care needs to an institution. Heritage Assessment tool is a checklist used by health care professionals to understand the client’s diverse traditions, values and beliefs in all aspects of maintaining, protecting, and restoring of health (Blais Hayes, 2011). The first discussion is on the Asian East Indian heritage. The majority of Indians continue to practice and maintain customs, traditions, and values acquired in India prior to immigrating to the US. Indians are very family oriented and have strong ties with relatives and extended families. The elderly are taken care of by the son in the family. This is not only a responsibility but also demonstrates respect for the older. Indians believe that the actual wealth lies in the individual’s optimal health, and there is a very close relationship between body, mind, and soul. Indians are religious and practice their religion with honor. Indians tend to respect the authority of health care providers and feel their own role is passive. They have high tolerance to pain. Clients and familie s expect the provider to be confident in proposing treatment plan. If variety of choices of treatment is offered, the provider may be considered to be incompetent. Indian clients prefer to have same sex health care providers to takeShow MoreRelatedHeritage Notation Assessment4283 Words   |  18 PagesThe affects of Heritage notation orders Detailed analysis 23rd April 2012 Contents Abstract Introduction What is Heritage Significance? What is a Heritage notation order? What are the benefits of heritage listing? What does a heritage listing entail? How is the community affected? What are the disadvantages of heritage listing? The role of local government planning. The role of the Commonwealth. The positive impact of heritage listing on value. The negative impact of heritage listing on valueRead MoreHeritage Assessment1510 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Heritage Assessment: Comparing Cultural Health Traditions Monica V. Poehner Grand Canyon University: Family Centered Health Promotion November 16, 2013 Heritage Assessment: Comparing Cultural Health Traditions Culture and heritage are the properties that make up a way of life for a specific population. As referenced by South African History Online (n.d.), â€Å"Culture should be regarded as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of societyRead MoreHeritage Assessment1503 Words   |  7 Pageshead: THE HERITAGE ASSESSMENT OF HISPANIC, ASIAN AND The Heritage Assessment of Hispanic, Asian and African American Families B.Cohran Grand Canyon University The Heritage Assessment of Hispanic, Asian and African American Families The Heritage Assessment Tool (HST) is used to â€Å"investigate a given patient’s or your own ethnic, cultural, and religious heritage†¦it can help determine how deeply a given person identifies with a particular tradition†. (prenhall.com). This assessment of 29 questionsRead MoreHeritage Assessment1246 Words   |  5 PagesHeritage assessment Danielle Sumner Grand Canyon University Heritage assessment Introduction The Heritage Assessment Tool can be adopted as a dependable tool to gauge, health maintenance, restoration and safeguard of personal, cultural beliefs. The adoption of health assessment tool helps meet the prerequisites of diverse patient populations to offer quality all-inclusive care. The following paper reviews the assessment of three culturally dissimilar families, and demonstrate how a nurse wouldRead MoreHeritage Assessment1064 Words   |  5 PagesHeritage Assessment By, Genethia Guerrero Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V Family Health Promotion 04/17/2011 Jose Alejandro Every individual has a cultural heritage. Each culture views the world differently. Culture is an inherited characteristic and includes knowledge, beliefs, customs, skills, likes and dislikes. 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Enterpreneurship free essay sample

The primary objective of this report is to analyze entrepreneurs regarding their skills, traits and cultural background. This report will provide information on how entrepreneurs came up with their business ideas for their start-ups and pay attention to their ability to turn the ideas into successful business ventures. The two entrepreneurs chosen for this report are Steven Sim from Malaysia and Fred Smith from United States. Dato’ Steven Sim established the famous Secret Recipe cafe and turned it into one of the most successful homegrown franchises in Malaysia. Whilst Fred Smith is the founder, chairman, president, and CEO of Federal Express (FedEx), the first overnight express delivery company in the world, and the largest in the world. 2. 0 Description 2. 1 Dato’ Steven Sim – Secret Recipe It was 15 years ago that Dato’ Steven Sim thought of opening a bakery cafe when he saw the cafe culture was progressively creeping into the lifestyle in some of the Asian countries. The name of â€Å"Secret Recipe† came to him in a dream one day. Together with his four nephews who are all bakers, he created the Secret Recipe brand in the form of its first outlet in SS2, Petaling Jaya. With start-up capital of RM150,000, the cafe had less than 10 types of cake and only five dishes on the menu. Despite the Asian financial crisis in the same year, they were determined to see success through their commitment to offer something different and exciting for their customers. Today, Secret Recipe has successfully been developed as an international lifestyle cafe chain and their business was expanded to overseas (Audit, 2011). 2. 2 Fred Smith – FedEx Fred Smith wrote his initial idea of forming a reliable overnight delivery service in a computerized information age on his economics term paper but it was less than impressed and commented as unfeasible. Undaunted by the Yale professor who had argued that few people would pay a premium for overnight delivery, Smith identified the tremendous difficulty in getting packages and other airfreight delivered within one to two days. Upon Smith’s discharge from the military, he returned to his initial idea that has almost single-handedly changed the way business is conducted. Smith took a controlling interest in an aircraft maintenance company, cobbled together some venture capital funds with his inheritance and successfully launched Federal Express Corp. in 1973 (Entrepreneur, 2009). 3. 0 Analysis The important role of entrepreneurial activity for the conversion of technological and organizational innovation into new and more efficient products and services is well known. However, more than 50% of new ventures terminate within 5 years; thus, it is important to understand the factors that drive new venture success (Baum and Edwin, 2004, p. 587). 3. 1 Skills Entrepreneurial skills are important because the concept of this skill implies the ability to innovate, motivate, be opportunist, be risk bearing, pursue in personality development, to be active in socializing within society and it is a long life learning process. It is critical for an entrepreneur to be able to build great relationships with his team, customers, suppliers, shareholders as well as investors in order to be successful (Mindtools. com, n. d. ). Both of Steven Sim and Fred Smith have the critical and creative thinking skills in common. Dato’ Steven Sim is able to see situations from a variety of perspectives and come up with original ideas. He realizes of the potential ability of adapting cafe culture in Asian countries and take the opportunity to come up with the ideas of bringing in this kind of lifestyle firstly in Malaysia. On the other hand, Fred Smith can also identify the tremendous difficulty in getting packages and other airfreight delivered within one to two days and thus he tried to create a plan to take advantage of the opportunities that he recognized in his university terms paper. Moreover, Dato’ Steven Sim is known for his good general knowledge in marketing skills. He was once involved as one of the marketing geniuses behind a very successful multinational hairstyling academy. He left his job as a marketing director where he was earning a five-figure monthly income after spotting a business trend in the food and beverage industry (Huong, 2011). With his solid experience and skills in marketing, he has been focusing on building a brand more than a cafe. Sim kept strong about his product differentiation concept and successfully built a sustainable global business with a strong well-known brand eventually. As for Fred Smith who is an undergraduate, he possesses a charisma of practical skills. Being well-equipped of knowledge in the air-freight industry, Fred Smith already displayed his entrepreneurial talents early in life. He learned to fly when he was 15 years old and took up crop dusting as a part-time hobby. He clearly understands the market that he is attempting to enter for ensuring the ability to operate and manage his business ideas with a reasonable degree of competence. 3. 2 Traits – Big Five Personality Model In the psychological literature on entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs are often described as individuals with certain kinds of stable and enduring characteristics or features. These traits presumably originate from early childhood and persist through their lifetime (Work Culture and Developing Agri-Entrepreneurial Skills among Farmers, 2011, p. 491). The big five personality traits are the best accepted and most commonly used model of personality in academic psychology. 3. 2. 1 Extraversion Extraversion simply means the tendency to experience positive emotions and moods and feel good about oneself and the rest of the world (Jones and George, 2003). Being a successful marketer, Dato’ Steven Sim was naturally much more extraverted, sociable and affectionate. He is always assertive with his concept of international brand building and keeps actively exploring to the overseas market by franchising (Family. my, 2012). Fred Smith’s idea at first was convinced to be unfeasible. However, he never had a negative outlook yet be determined to make it work. In the time-honored style of the true innovative visionary, Smith listened to his own counsel, he starts from naive and single-handedly turned the way up the world does business (Entrepreneur, 2009). 3. 2. 2 Negative affectivity Negative affectivity implies the tendency to experience negative emotions and moods, feel distressed and be critical of one and others (Jones and George, 2003). Dato’ Steven Sim and Fred Smith are both low in negative affectivity entrepreneurs. Both of them do not tend to experience many negative emotions and are less pessimistic even if they met a problem. For example, when Secret Recipe is trying to expand their outlets to Singapore in 1998, their biggest hurdle was to secure a location on the popular Orchard Road because they weren’t a well-known international brand so it was hard to be accepted. However, Dato’ Steven Sim was tenacious and determined enough to break through the difficulty by successfully developing their first Singapore outlet in a neighborhood location and soon opened up more branches in the high-traffic shopping centers (Foo, 2012). Similarly, although FedEx had lost nearly $13. 4 million in its first two years, Smith never considered giving up. Instead of feeling depressed, he was committed and took a leading role in lobbying for air cargo deregulation that finally came in 1977 and these changes allowed FedEx to use larger aircraft, spurred the companys rapid growth. It soon became the premier carrier of high-priority goods in the marketplace and the standard setter for the industry it established (About FedEx, n. d. ). 3. 2. 3 Agreeableness Agreeableness means a person is good natured, co-operative and trusting. It is a tendency to get along well with others (Jones and George, 2003). Dato’ Steven Sim was always talking and working along with the research and development team in close cooperation to come up with new flavors and dishes for our customers who always want something different. Moreover, he has also extended his product range to cater to the more health conscious customers who still want their cake too. This fully shows that Dato’ Steven is a likable individual with high agreeableness who cares about others (Foo, 2012). As for Fred Smith, he emphasizes treating its workers fairly. Managers are carefully trained to foster respect for all employees, and their performance is monitored. In FedEx, managers are evaluated annually by both bosses and workers to ensure good relations between all levels of the company. Fred Smith is highly agreeable and believes that fair treatment instills company loyalty, and company loyalty always pays off (Entrepreneur, 2009). 3. 2. 4 Conscientiousness Conscientiousness expresses that a person is responsible, orderly and dependable which would be a tendency to be careful, scrupulous and preserving (Jones and George, 2003). Dato’ Sim will always do the market studies related to the lifestyle, cultural in the country before entering a new venture in the country. This is to ensure that the product can be accepted by the local community. Products are customized with their local taste then. Accordingly, being high in conscientiousness, Dato’ Steven is self-disciplined and manage to organize a business decision wisely every time. Likewise, Fred Smith, whose charisma and the knowledge he gleaned from several years of studying the air-freight industry (both in the military in Vietnam and later in the United States) definitely made him a high in conscientiousness entrepreneur as well. He sagely organized and expanded the connectivity and efficiency of its global network through aircraft fleets upgrade and numerous acquisitions with step by step, lead FedEx become the largest revolutionary worldwide carriage service corporation nowadays (About FedEx, n. d. ). 3. 2. 5 Openness to Experience Openness to experience indicates the tendency of a person to be imaginative; with original, broad interests and independent minded as well as be daring to take risks and having divergent thinking (Jones and George, 2003). Dato’ Steven Sim is a typical representative of a wide openness entrepreneur. He had much focused on Secret Recipe brand building to make it truly unique and distinctive compared with his competitors. He took the risk of introducing the brand-new concept of cafe in a casual atmosphere with customizing his products with the local taste to firstly open up the cafe lifestyle ideas in Malaysia. Mainly due to rapidly rising fuel costs and sparse package volume, FedEx continued to run in desperate financial trouble at the earlier stage. As an entrepreneur who was able to stand the gaff, Fred Smith, with his highly openness took the remaining money and flew to Las Vegas and won $27,000 at the blackjack table which had kept them alive from the crisis (Storyteller, 2013). 3. 3 Culture – Hofstede Cultural Dimension Theory The entrepreneurial work culture is the composite of personal values, managerial skills, experiences and behaviors that characterize the entrepreneur in terms of one’s spirit of initiative, risk propensity, innovative capacity and ability to manage a firm in relation to the economic environment (Ey. com, n. d. ). 3. 3. 1 Uncertainty Avoidance Based on the Hofstede Cultural Dimension Theory, the dimension of Uncertainty Avoidance has to do with the way that a society deals with the extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these (Geert-hofstede. com, n. d. ). However, Dato’ Steven and Fred Smith both have the same culture of willingness to take risks at the heart of their business concept. They see the business opportunity in perspective and strive to achieve it passionately. Even if the culture of cafe was not well-received at the early stage in Malaysia, Dato’ Steven still try to bring in this cafe lifestyle and promoted his cafe by walking with giving flyers with free coffee to people who visited his cafe. He then took the chance to understand customer satisfaction and asked for customers’ comments to know people preferences. Early business failures are viewed as providing vital experience for future successes. Although FedEx had lost most of his fortune in the early days, Fred Smith never considered giving up. He was once saved his company from survival at a critical time with his persistence and courage to have a bet on the blackjack table. 3. 3. 2 Individualism The dimension of Individualism addresses the degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members (Geert-hofstede. com, n. d. ). Being a collectivistic society with low degree of individualism, Malaysia fosters strong relationships, where everyone takes responsibility for fellow members of their group. For example, Dato’ Steven created a management system which is responsible for examining the quality of the products in every branch and also employee training to ensure that achievement of specified level of quality. 3. 3. 3 Power Distance Power distance is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally (Geert-hofstede. com, n. d. ). Nevertheless, the fairly low degree of power distance in FedEx has shown the typical American behavioral patterns. This can be explained by the American premise of â€Å"liberty and justice for all. † This is evidenced by an explicit emphasis on equal rights in all aspects of employees by Fred Smith. Within American organizations as FedEx, hierarchy is established for convenience, superiors are accessible and managers rely on individual employees and teams for their expertise. Both managers and employees expect to be consulted and information is shared frequently whilst the communication is informal, direct and participative to a degree (SUCCESS, n. d. ). 4. 0 Conclusion From the analysis of these two entrepreneurs in this report, I have learnt that there is a different business culture from each of the country. However, almost every entrepreneur might have the same personality and each of their distinguishing features can have important impacts to their business decision. In conclusion, a successful entrepreneur must preserve essential distinctions along his behavioral, functional and occupational dimensions.